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TUPLES


The Python tuples are sequences that are used to store a tuple of values of any type.
•Tuples are immutable.
•Tuple is a type of sequence like string and list but it differs from them in way that lists are mutable but strings and tuples are immutable

Creating and Accessing Tuples

Tuples are depicted through parenthesis.
() Empty tuple
(1,2,3) Tuple of integers
(2,3.5,6,7.5) Tuple of integer and float
(‘x’,’y’,’z’) Tuples of characters


Creating Tuples


1.Empty Tuple
>>> t=tuple()
>>> t
()
2. Single Element
>>> t=(1)
>>> t
1
>>> t=3, # to construct a tuple with one element just add comma
>>> t
(3,)
3. Long Tuples
>>> t1=(11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88)
>>> t1
(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88)
>>> print(t1)
(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88)
4. Nested Tuples:
t=(11,22,(33,44),55)
>>> t
(11, 22, (33, 44), 55)

Creating Tuples from Existing Sequences

T1=tuple(<sequence>)
>>> t1=tuple('python')#Passing String
>>> t1
('p', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n')
>>> l1=['r','a','m','l','a','l'] #Passing list
>>> t2=tuple(l1)
>>> t2
('r', 'a', 'm', 'l', 'a', 'l')
>>> t3=tuple(input("Enter tuple"))
Enter tuple98765
>>> t3
('9', '8', '7', '6', '5')
tuple=eval(input("Enter tuple"))
Enter tuple98765
>>> tuple
98765

Simlarity with list Accessing Tuple

Tuples are immutable(non-editable) sequence having a progression of elements. Thus, other than editing items, you can do all that you can do with list.
1- Tuple elements are indexed just like list.
2- Tuple[i] will give element at ith index.
3- Tuple[i:j] return new tuple, containing object from I to j excluding j
4- Tuple[i:j:n] return new tuple, containing every nth element from i to j excluding j


Accessing individual elements of Tuple

>>> elements=('a','b','c','d')
>>> elements[0]
'a'
>>> elements[-1]
'd‘
While accessing tuple elements, if you pass in a negative index, Python adds the length of the tuple to the index to get elements forward index.
T[-5+6]=T[1]

DIFFERENCE FROM LIST

L[1]=element          #VALID for List
T[1]=element          #INVALID for Tuple(immutable)
>>> l1=['a','e','i','o','u']
>>> T1=('a','b','c','d')
>>> l1[1]='z'
>>> T1[1]='x'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in <module>
    T1[1]='x'
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

Traversing a Tuple

a=0
t=('t','u','p','l','e')
for a in range(5):
    print(t[a])
t=('all', 'that', 'you','need','is','a','hammer')
length=len(t)
for i in range(length):
    print(t[i])

Tuple Operations

1.Joining Tuples
>>> t1=(1,2,3)
>>> t2=(4,5,6)
>>> t1+t2
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
The + operator when used with tuple requires that both the operands must be op type tuple.
Tuple+number
Tuple+complex number                 ERROR
Tuple+string
Tuple+list
>>>t1+(3)  # error
Reason: a single value in () is treated as single value not as tuple.
Where as (3,) are example of tuples with single element.
So
>>>t1+(3,) # valid

Replicating Tuples

>>>t2=(2,3,4)
>>>t2*2
(2,3,4,2,3,4)

Slicing the Tuples

Slice=T[start:stop:step]
>>> t1=(11,22,33,44,55,66,77)
>>> slice=t1[0:7:1]
>>> slice
(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77)
>>> slice1=t1[0:7:2]
>>> slice1
(11, 33, 55, 77)
>>> slice2=t1[::]
>>> slice2
(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77)
>>> slice3=t1[]
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> slice3=t1[:]
>>> slice3
(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77)
At least one colon is required to create slice of a tuple.

Comparing Tuples

>>> t1=(11,22,33)
>>> t2=(11,22,33)
>>> t1==t2
True
>>> t3=(44,55,22)
>>> t3==t1
False
>>> t3=t2
>>> t3==t1
True

Unpacking Tuples

•Forming a tuple from individual values is called packing and creating individual values from tuple’s elements is called unpacking.
>>> t1=(11,22,'abc','xyz')  #Packing
>>> a,b,c,d=t1  #Unpacking
>>> print(a,b,c,d)
11 22 abc xyz

Deleting Tuples

The del statement of Python elements but as we know that tuples are immutable, hence following statement will show error:
>>> t1=(11,22,33,44,55)
>>> del t1[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#11>", line 1, in <module>
    del t1[0]
TypeError: 'tuple' object doesn't support item deletion
But you can delete a complete tuple with del() function.
>>> t1=(11,22,33,44,55)
>>> del t1
>>> t1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module>
    t1
NameError: name 't1' is not defined

Tuple Functions

1.len()
>>> t1=(11,22,33,44,55)
>>> len(t1)
5
2.max()
3.min()
4.index()
>>> t1=(11,33,55,77,99)
>>> t1.index(33)
1
5. count()
>>> t2=(11,22,33,44,55,11,33,55)
>>> t2.count(11)
2
6. tuple()
•Creating empty tuple
>>> tuple()
()
•Creating tuple from string
>> t=tuple("xyz")
>>> t

('x', 'y', 'z')

Miscellaneous 

Indirectly modifying Tuple
1.Using tuple Unpacking
>>> t1=(11,22,33,44)
>>> x,y,z,w=t1
>>> x=100
>>> t1=(x,y,z,w)
>>> t1
(100, 22, 33, 44)
2. Using constructor function of lists and tuple
>>> t1=("Aliganj",10000,10,"Lucknow")
>>> t1
('Aliganj', 10000, 10, 'Lucknow')
>>> L1=list(t1)                 #Covert tuple to list
>>> L1
['Aliganj', 10000, 10, 'Lucknow']
>>> L1[1]=50000           # Make the changes through list
>>> L1
['Aliganj', 50000, 10, 'Lucknow']
>>> t1=tuple(L1)             # create new tuple with modified list
>>> t1
('Aliganj', 50000, 10, 'Lucknow')

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